Wednesday, May 9, 2012

Mascots Revealed: Their Significance & Symbolism within Sporting Entities and the Problematic Representation of Native American Minority Populations


Mascots Revealed: Their Significance & Symbolism within Sporting Entities and the Problematic Representation of Native American Minority Populations
One of the most prominent features of any sporting body is the team mascot.  It is argued that the mascot was developed to create a school identity within collegiate athletics.  Chandler states that “the mascot signifies a proud heritage and continual identification by students…embodying the spirit of the school.”  The mascot thus becomes far more than a fixture within the sporting arena; rather, it is an object that is readily identifiable, and one which personifies the vivacity and values of a specific institution or professional franchise.  In addition to providing a framework for school unity, the mascot serves to generate revenue through the sales of merchandise and through continued alumni support.
Mascots are not unlike Sesame Street characters whose purpose is to entertain children.  Mascots must thus be considered figures that are present to entertain children and adults. If one is at a sporting event, it is almost guaranteed that he or she will see a Mascot in full gear, getting a rise out of the crowd.  Mascots embody team spirit. One must question why mascots are such a significant part of the American identity in sport?  When considering the history of sports mascots it becomes easy to understand why Americans fall in love with them so easily. Mascots have come to represent a positive image for states nation-wide. Mascots play an important role in the sporting industry; they represent a state’s identity, as well as embody a positive attitude that unifies sports fans.  A part of the mascot’s positive image and purpose is to increase exposure of the company by creating awareness, building loyalty, and selling their products.  Demonstrating this relationship, we can reference instances in which we have seen the Oriole bird mascot at Camden Yards pitching t-shirts and other stadium-affiliated merchandise into the crowd.
As we know mascots hold great importance to a fan base, community and sports team. They can embolden togetherness and instill a sense of unity in a group of people.  In addition to serving in an intimidating capacity, mascots also house an entertainment element.  Many mascots embody characteristics intended to instill fear or a sense of danger.  Animals such as lions, bears and eagles manifest this concept. 
But we also know that mascots have the possibility to be offensive and hurtful. This situation can thus create a conundrum. If a mascot is deemed offensive by some, but others see it as a symbol of unity and tradition, how then does the sports community adjust to accommodate all involved parties?
At sporting events mascots create media exposure and excitement, and are often photographed for print media, or television broadcasts.  Another positive role that the Mascot embodies is that involving appeal to the human psyche. If a mascot has a distinguishing personality people become attached to it, like that of the Baltimore Ravens which evokes “rising and conquering.”  Mascots tend to get the crowd excited for a game, something that can’t be achieved by a person outside of this role.  At games, one is guarantee to see a fan dressed like the Ravens Mascot in all its glory, imitating the mascot. Mascots serve as vehicles to remind the consumers of who they are and what they represent. Mascots give sports goers a sense of pride and dignity, a representation of self, a winner! But, with every positive aspect, there are also negative aspects which warrant consideration.
The use of Native American mascots is one of great pertinence when one considers the underlying implications.  Although institutions claim that the use of Native American imagery is done an honorable manner, one cannot negate that the inaccurate and incomplete portrayal of these populations is problematic.  This appears to be another instance of cultural appropriation, such that dominant White society picks and chooses those aspects of a minority racial population which they find appealing, negating the broader circumstance, context, and associations.  Not only have Caucasian populations physically conquered Native American territory, but the present use also metaphorically captures what little control the population has to accurately display itself. 
One must further question why particular Native American populations don’t find such use offensive.  Perhaps media has naturalized images and the manner in which audiences analyze images, resulting in a neutral stance toward issues such as these which reinforce hegemony.  Certainly, if larger minority populations were depicted in similar lights, society would be outraged.  Why then is it permissible for the minority population which is native to this land, to be demeaned and marginalized?
            There are a few ways administrators in sports communities can help rectify the situation. Instead of telling a particular group how they should feel about their mascot sports communities can exercise cultural competency and realize it’s not about how they “mean” for the mascot to come across, but how it is perceived by the minority group.  Focus groups could be set up to discuss if there is a middle ground that the two parties could reach. Perhaps learning about and adjusting how mascots are portrayed might lessen the perceived offensiveness.  This would also permit the sports community to retain some of their traditions. 
It is important for the majority population to recognize by keeping offensive mascots around, and by not accepting that they are offensive and telling minority groups they should not be offended they are reinforcing white privilege.  Because these dominant groups fall within the “norm,” they are able to create images, and dictate social perceptions of these minority groups.  An ironic concept arises in the scenario of a high school in Utah which rejected the name “Cougars” for their mascot because it was deemed to be offensive to older women. However, Native American cultures are still allowed to be mocked and paraded around on football fields. Unfortunately many people ignore this issue based on pure ignorance toward the situation. Perhaps if individuals were more informed, and if the minority population was given a substantial voice, others would understand how powerful a mascot can be.



WORD COUNT: 986
Works Cited:
Video about the Utah “Cougar” Mascot controversy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYFSY0hB0S4
Mississippi Mascot Controversy: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/7300892/Mississippi-students-to-vote-on-controversial-mascot.html
10 Most Controversial Mascots: http://topcollegesonline.org/10-most-controversial-college-mascots-ever/

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